Abstract Homosexuality in the Middle Ages long remained virtually unexplored. All that the pioneer investigators of the preHitler period, Xavier Mayne [pseudonym of Edward Irenaeus Prime Stevenson], The Intersexes (), Magnus Hirschfeld, Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes (), and Arlindo Camillo Monteiro, Amor sáfico e socrático (), had to say on the entire period.